A guide to keeping your furry friend safe
As a dog owner, it is important to be aware of the foods that can be toxic to your furry friend. Some human foods, while harmless to us, can be poisonous to dogs due to their unique physiology and metabolism. In this blog post, we’ll explore some common toxic foods for dogs, the toxic chemicals they contain, and how veterinarians would commonly treat these toxicity cases.
1. Chocolate
Chocolate contains a toxic compound called theobromine, which is similar to caffeine. Theobromine can cause vomiting, diarrhea, increased heart rate, and in severe cases, seizures and even death. The darker the chocolate, the more toxic it is.
Treatment: If your dog ingests chocolate, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal to absorb the toxin, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of vital signs.
2. Grapes, Sultanas and Raisins
Grapes, sultanas and raisins have been known to cause kidney failure in dogs. The compound in grapes that is toxic to dogs is believed to be tartaric acid. Dogs are unable to properly metabolise and excrete tartaric acid. This leads to its accumulation in the kidneys and have the potential to cause kidney damage or failure. Even small amounts can be toxic, and the severity of the reaction can vary depending on the individual dog.
Treatment: If your dog ingests grapes, sultanas or raisins, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of kidney function. In severe cases, dialysis or hospitalisation may be necessary.
3. Onions and Garlic
Onions and garlic belong to the Allium family and contain a toxic compound called N-propyl disulfide. This compound can cause damage to a dog’s red blood cells, leading to anemia.
Treatment: If your dog ingests onions or garlic, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of blood cell counts. In severe cases, blood transfusions may be necessary.
4. Macadamia Nuts
Macadamia nuts contain a toxic compound that can cause weakness, depression, vomiting, tremors, and hyperthermia in dogs. While macadamia nuts are safe for humans and other animals, dogs are particularly susceptible to their toxic effects. The exact mechanism of toxicity and the specific compound responsible is not yet understood.
Treatment: If your dog ingests macadamia nuts, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of vital signs.
5. Xylitol
Xylitol is a sugar substitute commonly used in sugar-free gum, candy, and baked goods. It can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar and even liver failure if consumed by dogs.
Treatment: If your dog ingests xylitol, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of blood sugar levels. In severe cases, hospitalisation and liver support may be necessary.
6. Caffeine
Caffeine is a stimulant that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, increased heart rate, and in severe cases, seizures and even death in dogs.
Treatment: If your dog ingests caffeine, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of vital signs.
7. Avocado
Avocados contain a toxic compound called persin, which can cause vomiting and diarrhea in dogs. While not usually life-threatening, avocado toxicity can still cause significant discomfort for dogs.
Treatment: If your dog ingests avocado, your veterinarian may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal, and provide supportive care such as fluids and monitoring of vital signs.
What should pet owners do if they suspect their pet has ingested something toxic?
If you suspect your pet has ingested any of the above-mentioned food items, it’s important to seek veterinary attention immediately. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the plant ingested, the amount consumed, and the size of the pet. Here are some general steps to take:
- Contact your veterinarian: Reach out to your veterinarian or a pet poison hotline (such as the Animal Poison Helpline) for advice.
- Provide information: Share as much information as possible about what they have consumed, including its name, the amount ingested, and the time of ingestion.
- Follow instructions: Follow the advice of your veterinarian or the pet poison hotline, which may include inducing vomiting, administering activated charcoal, or providing supportive care.
Prevention is Key
While it’s essential to know how to treat toxicity cases, prevention is always the best approach. Keep toxic foods out of reach of your dog, and be mindful of the ingredients in human foods before sharing them with your furry friend. If you suspect your dog has ingested a toxic food, contact your veterinarian immediately for advice and treatment.
Remember, your dog’s health and safety are in your hands. By being aware of toxic foods and taking steps to prevent exposure, you can help ensure a happy and healthy life for your beloved companion.
The poisons information line is a 24-hour service for veterinary teams that require support with managing poisoned patients. The service can be reached on 1300 869 738 (from Australia) or 0800 869 738 (from New Zealand).
IMPORTANT: The information in the article is not intended to be used as a substitute for veterinary advice, medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The information provided on the website is for educational and informational purposes only. Please always seek medical treatment from a veterinarian if you have concerns about your pet’s health.
